> How are dual listed stocks managed when one is on a European exchange and one the NYE?

How are dual listed stocks managed when one is on a European exchange and one the NYE?

Posted at: 2014-12-05 
The movements of the two stocks are linked as you observed. The arbitrage equation that relates an ADR to the underlying ordinary shares works like this:

VWDRY (US dollars) = VWS.CO (Euros) * adr_to_ord_ratio * fx_rate

adr_to_ord_ratio is the number (or fraction) of shares represented by each ADR

fx_rate is the currency exchange rate

If a significant move happens in Europe, prior to the US open, it should be reflected in the opening price in the US.

If a significant move happens in the US after Copenhagen has closed, it should be reflected the following trading day.

The markets are efficient enough that trading costs would exceed any arbitrage profits.

More specifically, How are time difference managed. I own Vesta s (VWDRY on the NYE) however I've noticed that VWS.CO (the same company) is traded on the Copenhagen exchange. Also, I've noticed that VWDRY mirrors what happened 6 hours earlier with VWS.CO. Why is this and are there ways to take advantage of this?